🗺️ Biblical Nations of Conflict & The Table of Nations

A genealogical and historical breakdown of Israel's adversaries, categorized by their lineage from Noah's sons (Genesis 10).

Lineage Key

HAM (The South/Canaan) SHEM (The Center/Rivals) JAPHETH (The Periphery/Empires)

Consolidated Nations of Conflict

Son of Noah	Nation / People	Key Figures or Events	Genealogical Link (Genesis 10)
HAM	Canaanites (Various Tribes)	Fought in the Conquest under Joshua (e.g., Jericho, Ai). Their land was the Promised Land itself.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Amorites	Defeated by Moses east of the Jordan (Kings Sihon and Og); a tribe of Canaan.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Hittites (Heth)	One of the primary tribes Israel was commanded to dispossess in Canaan.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Jebusites	Held Jerusalem until David conquered it (2 Samuel 5).	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Philistines	Perpetual enemies, especially during the time of Judges and King Saul (e.g., Goliath). They were descendants of the Caphtorim.	Mizraim (Egypt), son of Ham
HAM	Egyptians (Mizraim)	The nation that enslaved the Israelites; fought the final battle of the Exodus (Red Sea). Later, Pharaoh Shishak attacked Jerusalem.	Mizraim, son of Ham
HAM	Babylonians (Chaldeans)	The Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Jerusalem and took Judah into exile (6th century BCE). Their founder, Nimrod, was a Hamite.	Cush and Mizraim, sons of Ham (Nimrod's kingdom was Babel)
SHEM	Moabites	Persistent rivals/enemies from the time of the Judges (King Eglon) through the Monarchy. They descended from Lot, Abram's nephew.	Shem (through Lot, a descendant of Terah, Shem's line)
SHEM	Ammonites	Fought Israel repeatedly, notably during the Judges (Jephthah) and under David. They descended from Lot.	Shem (through Lot)
SHEM	Edomites	Descended from Esau (Jacob's brother); often fought Israel over territory near the Dead Sea.	Shem (through Esau, son of Isaac, son of Abram)
SHEM	Assyrians (Asshur)	The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel (722 BCE) and besieged Jerusalem (Sennacherib).	Asshur, son of Shem (but influenced by Hamite lineage/cities)
SHEM	Arameans (Syrians)	Constant northern rivals who fought many wars against the Northern Kingdom of Israel (e.g., King Ben-Hadad).	Aram, son of Shem
JAPHETH	Medes and Persians	The Medo-Persian Empire conquered Babylon, ending the Judean exile, but later ruled over the people (e.g., books of Ezra and Esther).	Madai, son of Japheth
JAPHETH	Greeks/Macedonians	Descendants of Javan. The Hellenistic Empire established by Alexander the Great dominated Judea and led to the Maccabean Revolt (after the OT period).	Javan, son of Japheth

Son of Noah	Nation / People	Key Figures or Events	Genealogical Link (Genesis 10)
HAM	Canaanites (Various Tribes)	Fought in the Conquest under Joshua (e.g., Jericho, Ai). Their land was the Promised Land itself.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Amorites	Defeated by Moses east of the Jordan (Kings Sihon and Og); a tribe of Canaan.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Hittites (Heth)	One of the primary tribes Israel was commanded to dispossess in Canaan.	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Jebusites	Held Jerusalem until David conquered it (2 Samuel 5).	Canaan, son of Ham
HAM	Philistines	Perpetual enemies, especially during the time of Judges and King Saul (e.g., Goliath). They were descendants of the Caphtorim.	Mizraim (Egypt), son of Ham
HAM	Egyptians (Mizraim)	The nation that enslaved the Israelites; fought the final battle of the Exodus (Red Sea). Later, Pharaoh Shishak attacked Jerusalem.	Mizraim, son of Ham
HAM	Babylonians (Chaldeans)	The Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Jerusalem and took Judah into exile (6th century BCE). Their founder, Nimrod, was a Hamite.	Cush and Mizraim, sons of Ham (Nimrod's kingdom was Babel)
SHEM	Moabites	Persistent rivals/enemies from the time of the Judges (King Eglon) through the Monarchy. They descended from Lot, Abram's nephew.	Shem (through Lot, a descendant of Terah, Shem's line)
SHEM	Ammonites	Fought Israel repeatedly, notably during the Judges (Jephthah) and under David. They descended from Lot.	Shem (through Lot)
SHEM	Edomites	Descended from Esau (Jacob's brother); often fought Israel over territory near the Dead Sea.	Shem (through Esau, son of Isaac, son of Abram)
SHEM	Assyrians (Asshur)	The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel (722 BCE) and besieged Jerusalem (Sennacherib).	Asshur, son of Shem (but influenced by Hamite lineage/cities)
SHEM	Arameans (Syrians)	Constant northern rivals who fought many wars against the Northern Kingdom of Israel (e.g., King Ben-Hadad).	Aram, son of Shem
JAPHETH	Medes and Persians	The Medo-Persian Empire conquered Babylon, ending the Judean exile, but later ruled over the people (e.g., books of Ezra and Esther).	Madai, son of Japheth
JAPHETH	Greeks/Macedonians	Descendants of Javan. The Hellenistic Empire established by Alexander the Great dominated Judea and led to the Maccabean Revolt (after the OT period).	Javan, son of Japheth

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